Traditional mathematics teaching and learning involves students solving math problems through completion of a series of calculations. Writing in math starts after calculations have been completed and begins with explaining the problem; followed by how calculations were completed to solve the problem.
The best math papers are written so the reader has little difficulty understanding the problem, reads a clear explanation of how to solve the problem, views uncluttered annotations of diagrams, and is presented with a well organized paper.
The advantage for students who write in math class is that they develop a greater understanding of mathematics. This occurs from the process of explaining mathematic concepts to others. This is where a version of an old adage fits – “If you can successfully explain the problem and process to others in writing, then you understand the math concept.”
How is Math Writing Different?
Students need to learn a standard format for writing in math. The format needs to be fairly simple to follow, such as an explanation of:
- the problem comes first, followed by the answer to the problem. Sometimes the answer to the problem is saved to the end; however, the answer typically follows the problem explanation.
- steps to solve the problem come next. This is important for earning partial credit or when an explanation is required.
- why the answer solves the problem. This serves as double check to ensure the answer is correct; also, the explanation helps others understand why the answer is correct.
Writing in Math Checklist
Providing students with a checklist of what is required in a math paper is important. The checklist can be easily adapted into a rubric for grading. The checklist helps students focus on the important details required in a good math paper. The following is a recommended checklist:
- Clearly State the Math Problem – do not assume the reader knows what you are talking about. Explain the problem in detail so the reader understands the problem.
- Present the Answer in a Complete Sentence – the answer must stand alone. Variables must be explained and if the answer is at the end of the paper, restate assumptions made when solving the problem. Do not assume the reader remembers every detail of the problem or paper.
- Clearly State Assumptions Related to Formulas – explain what assumptions were taken to solve the problem.
- Explain How the Problem was Approached – outline steps taken to solve the problem and why these steps were selected.
- Clearly Label Diagrams, Tables, Graphs, Etc. – in math a picture is worth a thousand words and a cluttered or incomplete picture is confusing. Clearly identify variables with the idea that the visual representation is self-explanatory.
- Clearly Define all Variables – a written explanation is required for each variable even though a variable appears in a diagram. Also, all units of measure must be listed for each variable.
- Explain How Each Formula(s) was Derived – formulas should not be pulled out of thin air and do not use variables which are not defined. If you did not derive the formula yourself, then explain where the formula is located. Clear hand written formulas are acceptable.
- Cite Sources Used to Solve the Problem – give credit to any books, websites, or other sources which helped you solve the problem.
- Check Spelling, Grammar, and Punctuation – treat this aspect of the math paper the same as if writing a paper in English class. Math formulas must be written correct and use correct punctuation. Do not replace math symbols with words, to avoid confusion in formulas.
- Is the Math Correct? – do not overlook math calculation correctness as you write the paper.
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